Diversity: When Comfort Leaks Ignorance

As we prepare to conduct our first conversations with various groups in the Pacific Northwest, I have been observing the behaviour of Forest Service employees in other regions and in other programs. I have recently noticed some dynamics and I am curious about the underlying structures in our system which produce these behavioural outcomes.

A group of middle managers were together for the third session of a six month leadership development course. They had been face to face together for three one-week sessions and felt a strong sense of rapport. During a discussion about the ladder of inference, the group explored the assumption that "all the good jobs in the agency are wired," meaning that a number of hiring officials had engaged in pre-selection.

During the course of the conversation, meant to illustrate the power of making assumptions, the group circled around to a cultural belief that there are diversity quotas and that sometimes the most skilled candidate is overlooked in favor of what's referred to as "the diversity candidate." There are really two interesting dynamics which became apparent to me as I observed the discussion.

First, the group's comments demonstrate a shared belief that there is a difference between the most skilled candidate and the diversity candidate. This implies that collectively we don't believe that the most diverse individual may also be the most skilled individual. When I frame it thus, the logical mind rejects the thought. Of course there are highly skilled individuals in every race! Therefore, I submit that the individuals in the room were not cognizant that their behaviour demonstrated an illogical prejudice.

Second, of the nearly 40 people in the room, all were caucasian but one. It seemed as if those individuals contributing to the group conversation had no awareness that there was a person of color in the room who may have felt discomfort. (Unlike the others, this man may have noticed the assumption which was exposed in my first point.) Maybe they felt so comfortable together that they did not view the man of color as anything apart from themselves? In fact, that idea by itself is beautiful - why should a group of friends view the one man as anything different from how they view themselves?

The two notions together create an interesting tension in our cultural beliefs (writen in a perspective which may represent the majority of our employees): the people with whom I am friendly are just like me, but the people with whom I must compete for employment are different and less skilled.

As I probe the possibilities in this thought experiement, it occurs to me that employment satisfies our most basic needs for food and shelter. Food and shelter are fundamental to our ability to survive. Competition for a job, then, is very closely assosciated with competition for survival. We could say that these two drives are parallel.

So, then, if the drive to compete for employment is parallel to the drive to compete for survival, then is it possible that while under the influence of these tandem drives, an individual may experience amygdala hijacking? This question deserves a whole new blog post. But for now, this is certainly something on which to chew.

Exploring Groupthink

A reader recently posted a comment about whether Amygdala Hijacking might not be connected to the phenomenon of groupthink. I felt it was a great question and worthy of a new post. First, let me share my definitions for both. The amygdala is a tiny little part of the brain which is responsible for scanning one's emotional memories and creating an emotional reaction to a certain stimulus. The amygdala is fast and has the ability to catalyze a reaction even before the cortex (higher logical mind) has the chance to think everything through. Sometimes the amygdala locks in on an emotional memory and catalyzes a reaction that our higher logical mind would not have chosen, thus leading to the idea of "amygdala hijacking".

To put it in another really plain way, amygdala hijacking is the same as jumping to conclusions and getting all freaked out before having the facts.

Groupthink names the phenomenon of a group of people making a collective choice which sometimes goes against what the individual members of the group would have selected on their own. It is akin to the idea of mob mentality - when large crowds become possessed by some drive and the result is often violent. Wikipedia says Groupthink is a type of thought exhibited by group members who try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas.

While amygdala hijacking certainly steers individuals off course from time to time, might this also somehow play a role in groups? I think the answer is yes. If the group of people have a shared history and shared experiences then they could just as easily have shared scar tissue around past experiences which went poorly. When a new situation occurrs which is remarkably similar to one of these bad memories there is a strong chance that individuals will experience amygdala hijacking and start to have a negative emotional reaction to the present event -- even if logically it really isn't the same as the bad memory.

But, what I think is even more interesting than an aggregation of individuals each having their own melt down due to amygdala hijacking is the dynamic interplay of their emotional energies in the present moment. Allow me to expand...

When someone near you is angry, stressed, or worried it is easy for that feeling to rub off on you and others. That is because when a person is having a negative emotional experience their Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a chaotic wave which is expressed in the electromagnetic frequency of the heart. Our bodies perceive the electromagnetic frequency of our own heart and take cues on how to behave based on this information. The Institute of HeartMath has demonstrated in their scientific research that the elecromagnetic frequency of the heart can be measured up to 8 feet away. If your body takes cues from your own heart's electromagenetic frequency then isn't it possible for your body to perceive the electromagnetic frequency of another's heart?

We've all seen it happen. Sometimes when you walk into a room you just know that there has been an argument. You can feel the anger in the room even as you enter.

To circle back around to groupthink; because of the shared history individuals can each have a stressful reaction to a new event, AND then the negative reaction can be amplified because several individuals are all having a negative reaction at the same time. Sometimes we sacrifice our individual wisdom in order to keep the peace and avoid the kinds of drama which have occurred in the past.

Sometimes smart people get together and produce illogical results. Sometimes the individual doesn't have the courage to speak up and instead just goes with the flow. Sometimes everyone is that individual and everyone goes with the flow instead of speaking up. In my profession we call this "Going to Abilene" because of a training film by the same name. Four people go to Abilene, Texas, for ice cream and have a miserable time. Later they discover that none of them ever wanted to go in the first place.

Groupthink, or Going to Abilene, is evident in families, organizations, and society. There could be entire chapters of history - dark and traumatic chapters even - which could be the product of groupthink. And all because the gravity and sway of group mentality is sometimes larger and more powerful than individual commitment and courage. This leads me toward exploring The Hero's Quest and why fierce individualism and corageous leadership by one individual is the archetypal solution for Going to Abilene... but that's a whole 'nother post alltogether!